Swimmers itch blisters6/3/2023 ![]() ^ "Fact sheet: Jellyfish stings" (PDF).^ "Sea lice: What are the tiny ocean irritants?"."Seabather's eruption: report of five cases in southeast region of Brazil". ^ a b Haddad V, Cardoso JL, Silveira FL (2001).^ Ubillos SS, Vuong D, Sinnott JT, Sakalosky PE (November 1995)."Clinical perspectives on seabather's eruption, also known as 'sea lice' ". ^ Tomchik RS, Russell MT, Szmant AM, Black NA (April 1993).: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link) Venomous and Poisonous Marine Animals: A Medical and Biological Handbook. "Seabather's eruption-a case of Caribbean itch". ^ MacSween RM, Williams HC (April 1996).^ Freudenthal AR, Joseph PR (August 1993).Swimmers at the east-coast beaches of Auckland and the rest of the Hauraki Gulf in New Zealand can develop seabather's eruption, typically during summer. Swimmers in Queensland, Australia, have reported seabather's eruption during the summer months of the year. The closely related Linuche aquila, found anywhere between Malaysia, the Philippines and the east coast of Africa, is also known to cause the condition. Cases were first identified in Brazil in 2001. ![]() Seabather's eruption is common throughout the range of Linuche unguiculata in the Caribbean, Florida, Mexico, and Gulf States. Treatment is symptomatic, with most affected using a topical anti-itch cream ( diphenhydramine) and a cortisone solution ( hydrocortisone). This is why symptoms usually do not appear until the swimmer dries themselves in the sun or takes a freshwater shower without first removing the affected clothing. Once the swimmer leaves the ocean, the organisms stuck against the skin die and automatically discharge their nematocysts when crushed, dried out, or exposed to freshwater. However, due to their microscopic size and sticky bodies, large concentrations of larvae can become trapped in minute gaps between skin and clothing or hair. Initial swimmer exposure to the free-floating larvae produces no effects, as each organism possesses only a single undeveloped nematocyst which is inactive while suspended in seawater. The reaction is identified by severe itching around small red papules 1mm to 1.5 cm in size located on areas of skin that were covered by water-permeable clothing or hair during ocean swimming. Symptoms can last from a few days up to two weeks, the shorter time being the norm. It is unusual to notice the eruptions immediately. Symptoms generally arise later after one takes a shower. It should not be confused with swimmer's itch. The cause is sometimes attributed to " sea lice" or " sea ants", but sea lice (Caligidae) are crustacean parasites of fish only. Seabather's eruption is an itching dermatitis caused by a hypersensitivity reaction to the immature nematocysts of larval-stage thimble jellyfish ( Linuche unguiculata), sea anemones ( Edwardsiella lineata) and other larval cnidarians.
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